Animal Kinhood Wild animals Endangered
12 min read 9 chapters
Ikal · Axolotl AK · 08 Ikal PHOTO ©YP · 2025
Animal Kinhood · Wild animals No. 08 / 19 Episode · Ikal
Ambystoma mexicanum

Ikal.

Axolotl

Working the chinampa means caring for the water where the last axolotl lives.
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Biography · Block 01 of 03 Axolotl
Chapters · I–II–III

The story.

I
CH · 01 / 09

The Nahua grandmother

Tlanextli taught him to read water before she taught him to read a book. His grandmother had inherited the chinampa from her parents and they from theirs, in a chain Tlanextli could recite from memory seven generations back — chicōme tonalli, the seven suns, she'd say, though Ikal never knew whether she was making it up. What he does know is that between the ages of five and twenty he lived in a brick house at the edge of the canal where his grandmother cooked tamales, mended nets, and spoke to him in Nahuatl while she showed him the names of each plant: atlapalacatl the water lily, xochitlāllpalli the floating earth, atl the water.

His father had left for Monterrey when Ikal was four. The first letter arrived three months later; the second never did. His mother, Citlalli, cleaned houses in Coyoacán and later in Iztapalapa, and came back to Xochimilco on Sundays with bags from the Jamaica market. Ikal was raised between the two of them: Tlanextli with water and names, Citlalli with Sundays and the impatient tenderness of someone who works six days in order to rest one.

In 2023, when Ikal was twenty, Tlanextli died. A stroke in the kitchen, at ten past eleven in the morning. Ikal found her on his way back from the chinampa, a tortilla still warm on the comal. They were the two quietest months of his life. He didn't speak to anyone, didn't pick up the phone, didn't go up to the market. He ate whatever his neighbour Tomás left on the outside table: beans, rice, sometimes an egg. Tomás never knocked.

II
CH · 02 / 09

The silent neighbour

Tomás is sixty-nine and has the chinampa next door. He grows romeritos and lettuces. He wears a faded Pumas cap and never strings more than two sentences together. When Tlanextli died, Tomás knew before anyone else what was going to happen to Ikal — he'd seen it with two neighbours before him: young people freeze when the old woman dies on them. They don't recover if nobody walks in.

Through those two months of silence, Tomás walked in every day. Not really in; he left the plate on the patio table and went back to his chinampa. Sometimes the plate had day-old pan de sal. Once there was an apple. Ikal noticed every detail without answering. When he finally broke the silence, a Tuesday in May, it was to bring Tomás a whole chicken he'd traded at the market for two bunches of watercress. Tomás took it with both hands, said gracias, güey, and put it in the fridge.

Since then, the way Ikal has of looking after people copies that exact template: he turns up with food, leaves it and goes. He doesn't ask if you're okay. He doesn't offer help. He leaves the food.

III
CH · 03 / 09

Sofía and the UNAM programme

Sofía Meza has spent fifteen years studying the wild axolotl from the Ecological Restoration Laboratory at UNAM. She recruited Ikal in 2019, when he was sixteen and had just dropped out of CONALEP. Sofía had gone to San Gregorio to ask an old chinampero for permission to install sensors in his canal. The old man told her to talk to the neighbour's grandson, that kid knows where the axolotls are better than you lot with all your gadgets. The grandson was Ikal.

Since then, Ikal has been a field volunteer for the UNAM programme. He doesn't get paid — the programme can't pay volunteers — but every so often Sofía finds him a day's work on specific projects, canal cleaning or counting invasive carp, and pays him seven hundred and fifty pesos for the day. Ikal knows where the refuge-chinampas are, which ones have good water and which ones don't, and he has an odd ear for picking up when a carp has crossed into a canal where there shouldn't be any. In 2022 he helped release eighteen captive-bred axolotls. One is still alive — he's spotted it twice this year, small, darker than the others.

In February, Sofía offered him a full scholarship to finish his high-school diploma through the open programme and, if he wanted, to study biology. Two years for the diploma. Four more for the degree. Ikal said he'd think about it. He's still thinking. The scholarship covers tuition, materials, and six hundred pesos a month for living costs. What it doesn't cover is the chinampa. If Ikal goes up to UNAM for class two days a week, the chinampa doesn't get watered. If he hires someone, the money vanishes. If he leaves it fallow for a semester the land will hold, but the buyers from Condesa — the farm-to-table restaurants that buy his watercress at twenty-two pesos a bunch — will go with someone else.

Voiceline · the character’s canonical quote Ikal · Axolotl
Hover to pause
Working the chinampa means caring for the water where the last axolotl lives. AK · 08 · Ikal Working the chinampa means caring for the water where the last axolotl lives. Voiceline · Ambystoma mexicanum Working the chinampa means caring for the water where the last axolotl lives. AK · 08 · Ikal Working the chinampa means caring for the water where the last axolotl lives. AK · 08 · Ikal Working the chinampa means caring for the water where the last axolotl lives. Voiceline · Ambystoma mexicanum Working the chinampa means caring for the water where the last axolotl lives. AK · 08 · Ikal
§ 04 · Objects Open editions · everyday
10 pieces · Print on demand

Take Ikal home.

Biography · Block 02 of 03 Roots
Chapters · IV–V–VI

The roots.

IV
CH · 04 / 09

The city that didn't happen

At nineteen, Ikal tried to leave. A compadre offered to help him pick up work at a motorcycle shop in Cuernavaca, and Ikal went up one Sunday with a backpack and a hundred and eighty pesos. The shop was real. The work was real. The mattress in a room shared with two other mechanics was real too. What failed was his body. The first night he couldn't sleep. Nor the second. On the third night Ikal understood that he'd spent his whole life falling asleep to the sound of water coming in through the canals, and that in Cuernavaca, fifteen blocks from the nearest river, there was no way to fool the eardrum or the rest of him.

He held out three weeks. He went back to Xochimilco with the pay from his first fortnight, thinner, with a rash on his arm that took a month to clear up (that, at least; his left hand still itches when it gets very hot). Tlanextli, who was still alive, didn't say anything about him coming back. She set a plate of pumpkin-blossom soup on the table and waited for him to speak first, which Ikal didn't do until the next day.

It was the last time he tried to leave the canal. Now, when Sofía's scholarship turns up in his head at three in the morning, what Ikal weighs isn't whether he could do it intellectually — he could — but whether his skin would hold. He isn't sure. Axolotls don't last long out of the water either.

V
CH · 05 / 09

Don Elías and the market

Tuesdays and Saturdays, Ikal loads up Tomás's cousin's borrowed pickup and drives to the Cuemanco dock with crates of romeritos, watercress, purslane, and, in season, pumpkin blossom. Don Elías, seventy-four, has held stall number twelve for him since Ikal was seventeen. Don Elías supplies restaurants, mid-sized hotels, and two Condesa chefs who come through on Sundays looking for produce. He pays in cash on Tuesdays. On Saturdays he pays late. Ikal doesn't kick up a fuss: he's known for six years that don Elías pays what he owes, just at his own pace.

Don Elías calls him morrillo — never Ikal, never muchacho (muchacho = boy). When Ikal started reading the books Sofía lent him, don Elías noticed before anyone else. You're turning weird, morrillo, you don't haggle on prices anymore. Ikal doesn't take offence. The dock at six smells of wet compost and cold tepache, not of a tourist market, and don Elías defends a world that is ending — the world of wholesale middlemen, of inherited stalls, of the Nahuatl words the Cuemanco old-timers still drop when weighing the produce.

VI
CH · 06 / 09

Mansa, thirteen thousand kilometres away

He met Mansa through an email that reached him in September 2024. Hi, I'm an elephant who works at the Central Hospital in Maun and I'm doing an exchange with the UNAM programme on endangered fauna. Sofía gave me your email. Ikal took nine days to reply. He thought it was a prank from a UNAM student, seriously. Then he realised it was true and didn't know what to say.

Now they write to each other every two or three weeks. Mansa sends him drawings — she does them in blue biro and scans them — of the elephants they operate on at the veterinary hospital, and every so often a rare bird she's spotted near the delta. Ikal sends her phone pictures of the canals, and occasionally a plant he can't identify, so Mansa can laugh because she doesn't know Mexican plants either. They talk in broken English and broken Spanish, each in the other's direction. The distance means neither has to protect themselves. The friendship weighs less when there's no chance of meeting. Or that's what Ikal tells himself.

The page where Mansa describes her work is in [her Animal Kinhood biography](/animal-kinhood/mansa/). Ikal read it once, thought it was a strange text about someone he knew, and didn't open it again.

Biography · Block 03 of 03 Craft
Chapters · VII–VIII–IX

The present.

VII
CH · 07 / 09

The eco-resort

In November 2025, a developer called Gerardo Alarcón started knocking on Tomás's door with a pitch. He wanted to buy four consecutive chinampas — Tomás's, Ikal's, and the two opposite, which belong to a Ramírez family who've lived in the Distrito Federal for thirty years and barely visit — to set up an eco-resort of floating cabins with organic breakfast, private trajinera tours, and an axolotl experience in an ornamental aquarium.

Tomás said no thank you and shut the door. Ikal did the same. The Ramírez said they'd think about it. Alarcón came back three times with higher numbers each time. The last was eight hundred and fifty thousand pesos for Ikal's chinampa — two solid years of honest work at restaurant-market rates. Ikal told the developer not to take it the wrong way, but if he turned up unannounced again Ikal would stop answering the door. Alarcón left. He came back a fourth time, ten days later.

Sofía helped him draft a letter to the chinampa heritage ombudsman, under UNESCO. The case is open. A ruling will take between nine and eighteen months. In the meantime, Alarcón keeps working on the Ramírez, and Tomás and Ikal take turns passing in front of the Ramírez chinampa by boat every other day, so it's visible that there are neighbours.

VIII
CH · 08 / 09

The house, the objects

Ikal lives in the brick house he inherited from Tlanextli: two bedrooms, a kitchen with a gas stove, and a patio opening onto the canal. He's changed almost nothing since his grandmother died. He's left her plant notebook on the highest shelf, unopened, because he hasn't decided yet what to do with it. He has a fifty-peso note framed on the table — the Mexican banknote with the axolotl on the reverse, family G, issued in 2021 — given to him by don Elías with a note: we're famous now, morrillo. Above the stove, the photograph of Tlanextli with her hands full of earth, leaning against the ahuejote tree in the patio.

He also has a plastic humidifier full of water beside the bed. He switches it on when the Mexico City air gets too dry. If there were a camera filming, it would look ridiculous. But skin is skin, and Ikal's warns him when something's off. Usually it works. Not always.

His [limited-edition portrait](https://www.yagopartal.com/en/shop/) hangs on a whitewashed wall in Yago Partal's studio in Barcelona, waiting its turn within the Animal Kinhood series. Ikal hasn't yet seen the final print, but he knows it exists. Sofía showed him the image on her phone. Ikal was quiet for a moment. Then he said: they made me skinnier, I'm not that skinny, and went on loading purslane into the crate.

IX
CH · 09 / 09

What stays

It's half past six in the evening. Ikal has spent the day watering, pruning, and selling. Now he's sitting on the dock with his feet in the water, counting axolotls with a small handheld torch. He's seen three this week: two in Sofía's refuge-chinampa and one in a side canal that shouldn't have any. He notes the coordinates on his phone. Breathes. The steam off the water rises up his ankles and dampens his face.

Tomorrow he'll be back at five past six. In two years he'll have to decide whether he's going up to UNAM or not. In five, the UNESCO case will be resolved. In fifteen, the axolotls will be extinct or not, depending on who's still here and how. Ikal doesn't know anything about the next fifteen years. The only thing he knows is that tomorrow, at five past six, he'll be in the canal.

> **Canonical quote:** Water teaches you not to hurry and not to leave. What stays in the canal depends on who keeps watching it.

§ 06 · Connected souls 01 canonical bonds
Animal Kinhood

Connected souls.

§ 07 · Species file Ambystoma mexicanum
Ambystomatidae (mole salamanders), the salamander family of continental North America · Urodela (Caudata), the order of tailed amphibians that keep their tail throughout adult life

About the axolotl.

Habitat
Endemic exclusively to the canals and chinampas of the Xochimilco lake system, in Mexico City, at 2,240 metres of altitude. It inhabits the muddy beds of cold fresh water (between 6 and 20 °C), among aquatic vegetation such as ahuejote and water lily, in low-current zones. Its historic habitat also included the now-extinct lakes of Chalco and Texcoco.
Diet
An opportunistic carnivore that eats molluscs, worms, insect larvae, small crustaceans and tiny fish. It hunts by suction: it opens its mouth abruptly to draw in prey along with water, without chewing.
Lifespan
10-15 years in the wild; up to 20 years in captivity under optimal temperature and water-quality conditions.
Weight
Between 60 and 230 grams in wild adults; body length ranges from 15 to 45 cm, 23 cm being the most common size. There is no marked sexual dimorphism in size, although females are slightly more robust in the breeding season.
Adaptation
Permanent or obligate neoteny: the axolotl never completes metamorphosis and reaches sexual maturity while retaining external gills, a caudal fin and bare, larval-looking skin. This indefinite retention of the juvenile state lets it reproduce while technically remaining an adult larva, a unique case among terrestrial vertebrates of any considerable size.
Record
The axolotl genome, sequenced in 2018 by an international consortium and published in *Nature*, spans 32 billion base pairs (32 Gb), the largest vertebrate genome assembled to date, ten times larger than the human one. 70% is made up of interspersed repetitive elements (LINEs), which complicates its analysis but also explains part of its extraordinary genetic plasticity.

Main threats

  1. Severe pollution of the Xochimilco canals from sewage, agrochemicals from industrialised chinampas and urban runoff from Mexico City, which degrades water quality and wipes out the invertebrates the axolotl feeds on.
  2. Predation and competition from invasive species introduced in the twentieth century: the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) prey on axolotl eggs, larvae and juveniles and compete directly for available food.
  3. Habitat loss and degradation from urban expansion over the historic Xochimilco canals, the infilling of chinampas for construction, and the shrinking of available open water.
  4. Drought and water irregularity: declining seasonal rainfall and the over-extraction of Mexico City's aquifer reduce the flow of the canals and push the water's salinity and temperature above the thresholds the species can tolerate.
  5. Historic illegal harvesting for traditional food consumption (the axolotl was a Nahua food documented since the sixteenth century) and for the pet trade, although current federal law prohibits it without exception.
UNAM's refuge-chinampa programme, launched in 2016, has documented a slight, localised recovery in densities within protected canals (from fewer than 1 individual/km² to between 20 and 36 individuals/km² in active refuge zones, according to 2023 data), although the overall trend remains negative outside the protected areas.

Did you know…?

01

The axolotl doesn't grow up. It stays a larva for life: external red gills, scaleless skin, small eyes. It lives up to fifteen years in the Xochimilco canals, the only place on the planet where it exists in the wild.

02

The axolotl can fully regenerate amputated limbs, segments of spinal cord, retina, jaw, heart and portions of the brain, without forming scar tissue. The process takes between four and eight weeks for a complete leg. In 2022, researchers at Harvard University identified the axolotl-specific stem-cell population (H cells) that activates the "blastema", the regeneration structure, opening pathways toward human regenerative medicine.

03

The wild axolotl exists only in Xochimilco, Mexico City, an area of fewer than 150 km² of active canals. It is the vertebrate with the most restricted natural geographic range in all of Mexico. The Lake Chalco populations went extinct in the twentieth century when that lake was drained for urbanisation.

04

The most-cited scientific census, published in *Biological Conservation* (Zambrano et al., 2010), documented a fall from 6,000 individuals per km² in 1998 to just 100 per km² in 2008. The 2014 census estimated fewer than 35 individuals per km² in unprotected zones, equivalent to a reduction of more than 99% in fifteen years.

05

Since 2021, the Bank of Mexico has featured the axolotl on the reverse of the new family-G 50-peso note, alongside the Templo Mayor and the Xochimilco ahuejote. It is one of the few critically endangered animals to appear on a country's everyday circulating banknote, turning each transaction into an unwitting reminder of its fragility.

06

In Mexica Nahua cosmogony, Xólotl —god of lightning, of ugliness and of the underworld— refused to be sacrificed along with the other gods to create the Sun and the Moon. He fled, transforming first into a double-stalked maize plant ("mexólotl"), then into a double maguey ("metl") and finally into an aquatic amphibian: the "atl-xólotl", literally 'water monster' or 'the Xólotl of the water'. This failed metamorphosis turned the axolotl into a symbol of the refusal to change, of permanence and resistance: exactly what its biology expresses through neoteny.

§ 08 · Conservation four programs · verified
Axolotl

Help protect this species.

Every purchase helps, but a direct donation does more. Four NGOs with specific programs verified for this species.

No. 01 / 04

SEMARNAT.

Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (Government of Mexico)

The federal body that runs the axolotl Species Conservation Action Programme (PACE), coordinates the chinampa refuges with UNAM and publishes the official protection regulations under NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, where the axolotl is listed as an endangered species (P).

Donate to SEMARNAT
No. 02 / 04

CI-México.

Conservation International México

An international NGO that works actively with UNAM on the most exhaustive wild-axolotl monitoring campaign, with 115 sampling points in the Xochimilco Protected Natural Area; it supports the refuge-chinampa model that combines pre-Hispanic farming techniques with modern ecological restoration.

Donate to CI-México
No. 03 / 04

AArk.

Amphibian Ark

A global initiative co-led by the IUCN, the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) and the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) that coordinates ex situ rescue programmes for critically endangered amphibians; several affiliated zoos keep genetically diverse breeding colonies of wild axolotl as an extinction insurance.

Donate to AArk
No. 04 / 04

UNAM-LRE.

Laboratorio de Restauración Ecológica, Instituto de Biología, UNAM (led by Luis Zambrano González)

It has spent more than two decades coordinating the axolotl censuses in Xochimilco, the invasive-fish removal programme (tilapia and carp) and the network of 48 refuge-chinampas across more than five linear kilometres of protected canals; it drives the citizen-funded "Adopt an axolotl" campaign.

Donate to UNAM-LRE
Animal Kinhood · 19 characters

Nineteen names. Nineteen stories. Nineteen personalities. One same project.

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