Animal Kinhood Wild animals Endangered
12 min read 9 chapters Live · Xochimilco
Ikal, Axolotl — Animal Kinhood portrait by Yago Partal AK · 14 N 19°18′ W 99°06′ Ikal Xochimilco, MX PHOTO ©YP · 2026
Animal Kinhood · Wild animals No. 14 / 25 Episode · Ikal
Ambystoma mexicanum

Ikal.

Axolotl

Working the chinampa means caring for the water where the last axolotl lives.
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Biography · Block 01 of 03 Axolotl
Chapters · I–II–III

The story.

I
CH · 01 / 09

The Tortilla Still on the Comal

Tlanextli died when Ikal was twenty. He found her when he came back from the canal mid-morning, the tortilla still on the comal and the comal still hot. His grandmother had raised him since he was four, after his father left for Monterrey chasing a factory job, sent one letter three months later, and none after that. She taught him to read the water before she taught him to read a book, and the names of plants in Nahuatl. When she died, some of those names went with her — the ones he'd only half written down.

He went two months barely speaking to anyone, doing the bare minimum. What pulled him out wasn't an idea or advice — it was a canal. One of the side channels was choked with trash, and he started clearing it without thinking much about it, until he saw the ahuejote roots healthy under the mud. He remembers thinking it, hands purple with cold: if this is still alive, so am I.

He barely changed anything in the house. The photo of Tlanextli with her hands full of dirt still sits over the stove. It's the first thing you see when you walk into the kitchen, and he prefers it that way.

II
CH · 02 / 09

The First One He Released Into the Canal

At twenty-two, Sofía asked him to be the one to release the first one. It was an axolotl raised by hand in the lab, one of his own kind, and the canal where it was going back was one Ikal had spent months helping to clean. He put both hands into the container, brought it close to the water, and let it go. The animal sank between the roots and vanished in a second, as if it had never been anywhere else.

Ikal's gills bristled so hard that Sofía laughed. He couldn't help it — it happens when something moves him, and as a teenager he tried to learn how to control it and never could. That night, in the notebook, after copying down the plant names his grandmother had left him, he wrote something else — three words: one more comes back.

He helped release eighteen that year. Only one is still alive, darker than the rest; he's seen it twice since then, always in the same bend of the canal, and both times he stood there a long while watching, without getting closer. He never told anyone. He wrote down the coordinates on his phone and went back to what he was doing, which was watering.

III
CH · 03 / 09

Three Weeks Without Hearing the Water

He tried it once. At nineteen, a buddy got him a job at a motorcycle shop outside the valley. The job was real, the pay was real, the cushion was good. What failed was his body. He couldn't sleep without the sound of water running through the canals; he'd lie down and something would be missing just under his ear, a sound he'd been hearing his whole life without knowing he heard it.

He lasted three weeks. He came back thinner, with the skin on his arm irritated, a red patch he'd scratch at night that took a month to heal. He didn't talk about it with anyone or put a name to what was happening to him. A friend offered him something similar a year later, and he answered slowly: if I leave, who cleans the back canal? No one. That's why.

He never tried to leave again. Sometimes he still fantasizes about a place where nobody knows what a chinampa is, some ordinary place, flat, with no water to keep an eye on. He thinks about it for a while and it passes. He knows he wouldn't fit in anywhere else, and he stopped fighting that a long time ago.

Voiceline · the character’s canonical quote Ikal · Axolotl
Hover to pause
Working the chinampa means caring for the water where the last axolotl lives. AK · 14 · Ikal · Xochimilco 2025 Working the chinampa means caring for the water where the last axolotl lives. Voiceline · Ambystoma mexicanum Working the chinampa means caring for the water where the last axolotl lives. AK · 14 · Ikal · Xochimilco 2025 Working the chinampa means caring for the water where the last axolotl lives. AK · 14 · Ikal · Xochimilco 2025 Working the chinampa means caring for the water where the last axolotl lives. Voiceline · Ambystoma mexicanum Working the chinampa means caring for the water where the last axolotl lives. AK · 14 · Ikal · Xochimilco 2025
§ 04 · Objects Open editions · everyday
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Take Ikal home.

Biography · Block 02 of 03 Roots
Chapters · IV–V–VI

The roots.

IV
CH · 04 / 09

The One Who Stayed in the Water

The first time was when he was seven. He was lying face down at the edge of Tlanextli's chinampa, his face almost touching the water, and he saw something move among the roots of an ahuejote tree: one of his own kind, wild, pale, still and suddenly lightning-fast. He stayed there an hour without moving. His grandmother found him like that, and instead of calling him, she sat down beside him without saying a word.

Afterward she told him the story of Xolotl, the one who turned into a water creature so he wouldn't be sacrificed and stayed in the canal forever. Ikal tells it the same way it was told to him, without explaining it. My grandmother used to say the axolotls chose to stay, he says. I don't know if they chose it — maybe it's just that some of us don't fit anywhere else, man.

Almost everything traces back to that: the plant names, atl for water, the habit of looking at the canal before touching it. His mother, Citlalli, gave him Sundays and the impatient tenderness of someone who cleans houses six days a week to rest on the seventh. But it was his grandmother who taught him how to just be, hands in the mud.

V
CH · 05 / 09

Never Adding Up the Total

He writes at night, when he should be sleeping. He started by copying into his grandmother's notebook the Nahuatl names that were slipping away from him, so as not to lose them completely. Since the night of the first release, he's also been tracking something else: the ones he's seen come back to the canal. Two columns in the same notebook — the ones that fade and the ones that return. He doesn't show it to anyone.

He counts them with a small flashlight, sitting on the dock with his feet in the cold water. He writes down the coordinates, the date, sometimes the time. What he never does is add up the total. He could; he'd get a number, and he more or less knows what it would be. He'd rather not know for sure. Counting them one by one leaves room for hope; the total would turn it into an open account, and that's an account he doesn't want to settle.

He has other quiet habits from the same family. He buys seeds he doesn't need — squash, marigold, quelite, more than he'll ever plant — and stores them in labeled jars on the shelf, like someone stockpiling in case one year the canal stops giving anything at all. When something makes him nervous, he chews on a celery stalk and checks the water level three times.

VI
CH · 06 / 09

The Scholarship He's Still Weighing

Sofía offered him a full scholarship: two years to finish his high school equivalency, and if he wants, four more to study biology. It covers tuition and a small stipend. What it doesn't cover is the chinampa: if he goes to class two days a week, the back canal doesn't get watered, and there's no one else to water it.

He said he'd think about it. And he is thinking about it, genuinely, not as a brush-off, as he clarified to Sofía after a long silence. It embarrasses him to be twenty-three and sit in a classroom with sixteen-year-olds. What embarrasses him more is getting carded — the woman at the corner shop asks for his ID over and over — because he looks like a high schooler and his body doesn't announce how old he really is.

He dropped out of technical high school in his second semester, years ago. He said it was about money, and part of it was; the other part was that every hour in a classroom was an hour less on the chinampa. When someone asks him why he's taking so long to decide, he lowers his voice. The water teaches you not to rush, he says. And not to leave.

Biography · Block 03 of 03 Craft
Chapters · VII–VIII–IX

The present.

VII
CH · 07 / 09

A Handful of Black Mud

Every morning he steps into the canal at six-oh-five, in rubber boots up to the knee and his red plaid flannel rolled up, and the first thing he does is reach a hand in up to the wrist, pull out a handful of black mud, smell it, and let it go again. That's how he knows how the water's doing without asking anyone. If it smells one way, it's organic matter and nothing's wrong; if it smells like gasoline, something came in from outside that night and his day goes sideways.

With savings from two seasons of marigold flowers, he bought an abandoned stretch next to his own and rehabilitated it: cleared the bottom, braced the edges with ahuejote stakes, replanted. He hasn't given it a name yet — he says it hasn't earned one.

A developer has been circling that stretch, and three others, wanting to build floating cabins and an axolotl aquarium for tourists. He's come back four times, raising the offer each time, up to eight hundred fifty thousand pesos: two long years of work priced like a restaurant tab. Ikal answered him, lowering his voice. This isn't a lot. It's a chinampa. And he asked him not to come back without calling first.

VIII
CH · 08 / 09

The Name He Can't Decipher

Tlanextli's notebook is loose sheets stitched together with thread, plant names written in her handwriting. Ikal keeps it on the highest shelf in the house, never quite opening it all the way, because he still hasn't decided what to do with it. Some names were lost when she died, since she'd only written them down halfway. There's one he can't decipher: a plant his grandmother used to point at, whose name she never got around to writing. He's been asking the old-timers in the neighborhood, in case one of them remembers. For now he leaves it blank and keeps looking.

On the table, propped up, he has a framed fifty-peso bill, the one with the axolotl on the back, with the ahuejote tree and the old canal. Don Elías, from the market stall, gave it to him with a note: we're famous now, kid. Ikal doesn't keep it for the money. He keeps it because he finds it funny that they put his own kind on the currency right when, every year, there are fewer of them left in the canal.

It's one of the few new things that has come into the house since his grandmother died.

IX
CH · 09 / 09

Nope, That Doesn't Get Thrown Out

Nope, that doesn't get thrown out. Let me see if it can be fixed. He says it slowly, without arguing, whenever something broken is about to be tossed out, and he sets about fixing it. It's his way of believing in something: what you inherit gets taken care of or given back, things get repaired, and if someone works alongside you, they eat alongside you. He never says I love you. He shows care through actions: he turns up with food, sets the plate on the table, and leaves, without asking if you're okay. He learned it from Tomás, the neighbor across the way, who did exactly that during the two months Ikal wasn't speaking.

He also has friends far away. Every two or three weeks he writes to Mansa, who works at a hospital thirteen thousand kilometers away; she sends him drawings in blue ballpoint pen, he sends her photos of the canals. He pins them up on the kitchen wall.

What really scares him isn't losing the chinampa. It's the day it stops mattering to him: walking past a leak and not seeing it. As long as trash in the canal still bothers him, he knows he's still alive inside. Tomorrow, at six-oh-five, again.

> **Canonical quote:** The water teaches you not to rush and not to leave; that's why Ikal stays by the canal, counting the ones that come back without ever adding up the total.

§ 06 · Connected souls 01 canonical bonds
Animal Kinhood

Connected souls.

§ 07 · Species file Ambystoma mexicanum

About the axolotl.

Classification
  1. Animalia
  2. Chordata
  3. AmphibiaAmphibians
  4. Caudata
  5. Ambystomatidae
Ambystoma mexicanum (Shaw & Nodder, 1798)
Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) in the wild
The real animal · Ambystoma mexicanum
Habitat
Endemic exclusively to the canals and chinampas of the Xochimilco lake system, in Mexico City, at 2,240 metres of altitude. It inhabits the muddy beds of cold fresh water (between 6 and 20 °C), among aquatic vegetation such as ahuejote and water lily, in low-current zones. Its historic habitat also included the now-extinct lakes of Chalco and Texcoco.
Diet
An opportunistic carnivore that eats molluscs, worms, insect larvae, small crustaceans and tiny fish. It hunts by suction: it opens its mouth abruptly to draw in prey along with water, without chewing.
Lifespan
10-15 years in the wild; up to 20 years in captivity under optimal temperature and water-quality conditions.
Weight
Between 60 and 230 grams in wild adults; body length ranges from 15 to 45 cm, 23 cm being the most common size. There is no marked sexual dimorphism in size, although females are slightly more robust in the breeding season.
Adaptation
Permanent or obligate neoteny: the axolotl never completes metamorphosis and reaches sexual maturity while retaining external gills, a caudal fin and bare, larval-looking skin. This indefinite retention of the juvenile state lets it reproduce while technically remaining an adult larva, a unique case among terrestrial vertebrates of any considerable size.
Record
The axolotl genome, sequenced in 2018 by an international consortium and published in *Nature*, spans 32 billion base pairs (32 Gb), the largest vertebrate genome assembled to date, ten times larger than the human one. 70% is made up of interspersed repetitive elements (LINEs), which complicates its analysis but also explains part of its extraordinary genetic plasticity.

Conservation status

Global (IUCN)
Endangered
Where it lives
In Mexico the species is listed as "Endangered (P)" under NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, the country's highest level of legal protection; its capture, trade and possession without a permit are federal offences.
Population
The most recent estimates (UNAM-Conservation International census, 2023-2025) indicate between 50 and 1,000 wild individuals across the whole of Xochimilco, with densities ranging from fewer than 1 to 36 individuals per km² depending on the canal. Scientific captive populations (biomedical research laboratories in Europe, the USA and Mexico) total hundreds of thousands of specimens, but most descend from a founder colony of 34 individuals captured in 1864, which means severe inbreeding in the laboratory stock.
View the IUCN Red List page

Main threats

  1. Severe pollution of the Xochimilco canals from sewage, agrochemicals from industrialised chinampas and urban runoff from Mexico City, which degrades water quality and wipes out the invertebrates the axolotl feeds on.
  2. Predation and competition from invasive species introduced in the twentieth century: the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) prey on axolotl eggs, larvae and juveniles and compete directly for available food.
  3. Habitat loss and degradation from urban expansion over the historic Xochimilco canals, the infilling of chinampas for construction, and the shrinking of available open water.
  4. Drought and water irregularity: declining seasonal rainfall and the over-extraction of Mexico City's aquifer reduce the flow of the canals and push the water's salinity and temperature above the thresholds the species can tolerate.
  5. Historic illegal harvesting for traditional food consumption (the axolotl was a Nahua food documented since the sixteenth century) and for the pet trade, although current federal law prohibits it without exception.
UNAM's refuge-chinampa programme, launched in 2016, has documented a slight, localised recovery in densities within protected canals (from fewer than 1 individual/km² to between 20 and 36 individuals/km² in active refuge zones, according to 2023 data), although the overall trend remains negative outside the protected areas.

Did you know…?

01
A larva for life

The axolotl doesn't grow up. It stays a larva for life: external red gills, scaleless skin, small eyes. It lives up to fifteen years in the Xochimilco canals, the only place on the planet where it exists in the wild.

02
Documented scar-free regeneration

The axolotl can fully regenerate amputated limbs, segments of spinal cord, retina, jaw, heart and portions of the brain, without forming scar tissue. The process takes between four and eight weeks for a complete leg. In 2022, researchers at Harvard University identified the axolotl-specific stem-cell population (H cells) that activates the "blastema", the regeneration structure, opening pathways toward human regenerative medicine.

03
Extreme endemism to a single lake

The wild axolotl exists only in Xochimilco, Mexico City, an area of fewer than 150 km² of active canals. It is the vertebrate with the most restricted natural geographic range in all of Mexico. The Lake Chalco populations went extinct in the twentieth century when that lake was drained for urbanisation.

04
A 99% population collapse

The most-cited scientific census, published in *Biological Conservation* (Zambrano et al., 2010), documented a fall from 6,000 individuals per km² in 1998 to just 100 per km² in 2008. The 2014 census estimated fewer than 35 individuals per km² in unprotected zones, equivalent to a reduction of more than 99% in fifteen years.

05
An icon on the 50-peso note

Since 2021, the Bank of Mexico has featured the axolotl on the reverse of the new family-G 50-peso note, alongside the Templo Mayor and the Xochimilco ahuejote. It is one of the few critically endangered animals to appear on a country's everyday circulating banknote, turning each transaction into an unwitting reminder of its fragility.

06
The divine twin of Xólotl

In Mexica Nahua cosmogony, Xólotl —god of lightning, of ugliness and of the underworld— refused to be sacrificed along with the other gods to create the Sun and the Moon. He fled, transforming first into a double-stalked maize plant ("mexólotl"), then into a double maguey ("metl") and finally into an aquatic amphibian: the "atl-xólotl", literally 'water monster' or 'the Xólotl of the water'. This failed metamorphosis turned the axolotl into a symbol of the refusal to change, of permanence and resistance: exactly what its biology expresses through neoteny.

§ 08 · Conservation four programs · verified
Axolotl

Help protect this species.

Every purchase helps, but a direct donation does more. Four NGOs with specific programs verified for this species.

No. 01 / 04

SEMARNAT.

Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (Government of Mexico)

The federal body that runs the axolotl Species Conservation Action Programme (PACE), coordinates the chinampa refuges with UNAM and publishes the official protection regulations under NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, where the axolotl is listed as an endangered species (P).

Donate to SEMARNAT
No. 02 / 04

CI-México.

Conservation International México

An international NGO that works actively with UNAM on the most exhaustive wild-axolotl monitoring campaign, with 115 sampling points in the Xochimilco Protected Natural Area; it supports the refuge-chinampa model that combines pre-Hispanic farming techniques with modern ecological restoration.

Donate to CI-México
No. 03 / 04

AArk.

Amphibian Ark

A global initiative co-led by the IUCN, the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) and the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) that coordinates ex situ rescue programmes for critically endangered amphibians; several affiliated zoos keep genetically diverse breeding colonies of wild axolotl as an extinction insurance.

Donate to AArk
No. 04 / 04

UNAM-LRE.

Laboratorio de Restauración Ecológica, Instituto de Biología, UNAM (led by Luis Zambrano González)

It has spent more than two decades coordinating the axolotl censuses in Xochimilco, the invasive-fish removal programme (tilapia and carp) and the network of 48 refuge-chinampas across more than five linear kilometres of protected canals; it drives the citizen-funded "Adopt an axolotl" campaign.

Donate to UNAM-LRE
Animal Kinhood · 25 characters

Twenty-five names. Twenty-five stories. Twenty-five personalities. One same project.

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