Animal Kinhood Wild animals Least Concern
12 min read 9 chapters Live · Ghardaïa
Front-facing portrait of Tiziri, an adult female sand cat, with sand-colored fur and very large, low-set ears, wearing a sage-green wool coat, a cream shirt, and a thin gold chain, against a plain teal-blue background. AK · 32 N 32°29′ E 3°40′ Tiziri Ghardaïa, DZ PHOTO ©YP · 2026
Animal Kinhood · Wild animals No. 32 / 32 Episode · Tiziri
Felis margarita

Tiziri.

Sand cat

Here. You don't need the device, but put it down anyway.
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Biography · Block 01 of 03 Sand cat
Chapters · I–II–III

Four in Two Rooms.

I
CH · 01 / 09

The Water That Comes Once a Year

The wadi of Ghardaïa is dry almost all year. It's a wide gully of pale stone that cuts through the lower part of the city, and people walk across it like just another street. Then, some year or other, it comes down full.

Tiziri was six the first time. Her mother took her and her sister out into the street still in their nightclothes, and the whole city was out too, standing at the edges, watching the water break against the dikes. Down in the valley, the flood gets split by canals and sluice gates until every orchard in the palm grove gets the share that's owed it. The allocation has been settled for centuries, and it's carried out in full view of everyone, with witnesses, arguing over the height of a stone if it comes to that. In a place where it rains like this, water is the one thing that's managed in public.

What she kept from that night is the noise: a low, thick rumble that reached her through her feet before it reached her ears, and that kept sounding even after they'd been brought back inside and the light switched off.

II
CH · 02 / 09

Finding Massin Without a Flashlight

There were four of them in two rooms. Tafsut, the mother, raised them alone, sewing on commission and cleaning at the school, and she tells it like this: that Tanina, the eldest, changed the little ones while she finished a hem. Tiziri slept against the wall. She says the wall used to hum.

Tanina left for Ouargla before Tiziri started working, and she still calls on Sunday afternoons. She's always the one who calls. Ten minutes, and they both hang up at the same time.

One night her mother sent her into the palm grove to find Massin, who'd gone off to play and lost track of time. Tiziri went down without a flashlight, stopped where the irrigation channels start, turned her head once, and walked straight toward a wall at the far end. Massin was behind it, sitting down, eating fallen dates. She didn't call his name a single time.

The two of them walked back, and her mother went on sewing. That was that.

III
CH · 03 / 09

A Father Counted on One Hand

Idir, the father, always lived apart. He has an orchard down in the palm grove and spent many years in construction. Tiziri has seen him seven or eight times.

Among her people, that's handled differently. Fathers don't keep a house; houses belong to the mother, and between one house and the next there can be a day's walk. Her people are spread out enough that the custom is to know roughly where everyone is and to manage not to cross paths. When two of them do meet at night in the same spot, one changes direction and the other keeps going.

Nobody has ever counted them. They show up on the list of peoples that are doing fine, and that sits quite comfortably alongside the fact that years can go by without an outsider running into a single one of them. For three decades, on the western side, almost no word came from anyone. Nobody vanished — people simply stopped being seen. The village draws a clear line between those two things.

Idir asks about her whenever someone heads down to the palm grove, and she asks about him whenever someone comes up. The only strange part is that she knows the exact number.

Voiceline · the character’s canonical quote Tiziri · Sand cat
Hover to pause
Here. You don't need the device, but put it down anyway. AK · 32 · Tiziri · Ghardaïa 2025 Here. You don't need the device, but put it down anyway. Voiceline · Felis margarita Here. You don't need the device, but put it down anyway. AK · 32 · Tiziri · Ghardaïa 2025 Here. You don't need the device, but put it down anyway. AK · 32 · Tiziri · Ghardaïa 2025 Here. You don't need the device, but put it down anyway. Voiceline · Felis margarita Here. You don't need the device, but put it down anyway. AK · 32 · Tiziri · Ghardaïa 2025
§ 04 · Objects Open editions · everyday
10 pieces · Print on demand

Take Tiziri home.

Biography · Block 02 of 03 Roots
Chapters · IV–V–VI

The Shift Nobody Wanted.

IV
CH · 04 / 09

The Sign on the Agency Door

She left school at seventeen and spent a stretch behind the counter of a spare-parts shop. She got into the water utility because of a sign taped to the agency door: they were hiring for the night shift.

The job comes down to this. An urban network loses water through old joints and stretches that have been buried for half a century, and a leak under the asphalt can take years to reach the surface — the ground just swallows it. To find it, you walk the sector on foot with a geophone, a contact microphone you set against the road, and you confirm it with a correlator, which puts a sensor on each side of the suspect stretch and works out the exact point from the time difference between the two signals. It's done at night for practical reasons: the city stops using water, the pressure in the network rises and the leak sounds louder; the streets empty out, the air conditioners shut off, the irrigation stops — and the background noise drops so much that the system can be heard on its own. Half the trade is getting everything else to shut up.

The reports are written in French. At home they speak tumzabt, and for Tiziri the hours come out in tumzabt and the pressure readings in French, so she jots it down first and translates after.

Almost nobody wanted the shift. She said yes on the same visit, before she'd even asked what it paid.

V
CH · 05 / 09

The Sector Order, Written by Hand

She was trained by Ammi Bakir, who'd spent half his life walking that network and didn't talk much. He taught her to tell a leak apart from a pipe that's simply working, to distrust the correlator on old asbestos-cement pipe, and to write up the report before starting the van, so she'd get home with a clear head. He also taught her to let the neighbors who come out in their pajamas asking what's going on have their say — that's half a night's work done right.

Before he left, he gave her a squared-paper sheet, folded, with the order the sectors get walked in, written out by hand. It starts at the corner by the old reservoir.

He died one March, his work overalls still in his locker. Tiziri kept the order then, and she keeps it now. The reservoir has been out of service for years, and the sector is much easier to enter from the other side — people have told her more than once — and she shrugs, and goes in the way she goes in. The sheet is still in the glovebox.

VI
CH · 06 / 09

Eleven at Night

She goes out at eleven. She parks, cuts the engine, and waits inside until the chassis stops ticking before she opens the door. Then she crouches in the middle of the road, presses her open hand flat against the asphalt, and stays like that for a good while, saying nothing.

Her reflective vest is a size too big, her boots have zip ties instead of laces, and over everything she wears a sage-green wool coat that isn't regulation issue and that she puts on the moment she steps out of the van. Her flashlight hangs off her belt, switched off — she only turns it on to write. The passenger seat is torn and has been patched with the same tape for years, and the tape always catches her trouser leg at the same spot on the knee. It's still there.

The van also carries a regulation water jerrycan, which she returns full every week. She makes the same joke handing it over, and it always lands. She spends her nights chasing water that's escaping under the city, and she's never once been thirsty in her life.

Summer is hard on her. When it's hot, people water their gardens before dawn, the whole sector fills up with noise for her, and she gets less done and turns sharp with anyone who calls her on the radio. She blames it on consumption, which happens to be true as well. At the office, on the days she has to go in and sign off, she always sits with her back to the air conditioner and her chair pulled a little away from the desk. If someone's taken her spot, she stays standing.

Biography · Block 03 of 03 Craft
Chapters · VII–VIII–IX

What You Don't Lend.

VII
CH · 07 / 09

Three Months and an Apprentice

They assigned her Ilyes for a three-month term. He was quick with the paperwork and asked a lot of questions.

In his second week he found a leak on a stretch of Market Street that she'd already walked that same week. He showed her, pleased with himself, the correlator still sitting on the ground. The unit's report goes out under the sector's name, not the technician's, so the find ended up where they all end up: under hers.

Ilyes asked once how the reports got signed. She told him it was by sector, which was true, and that wasn't the real reason. The following month he requested a transfer to the Metlili unit and left, saying goodbye only to the boss. He left behind his geophone, which is quite a bit better than the unit's own. Tiziri uses it every night. It still carries a scrap of tape with his name half worn away, and she hasn't taken it off, hasn't covered it up, and doesn't look at it.

VIII
CH · 08 / 09

The Continuity Sheet

A few years back she asked for the permanent night shift and the upper sector, the one that's most spread out and farthest from the depot. To justify it she wrote up a sheet about data continuity that she made up from start to finish. Nobody questioned it, and nobody's opened it since.

The sector boss sends her an apprentice a couple of times a year, and she always says yes. They come out of the three months filling in flawless reports. He's remarked on it once or twice, that it's odd none of them ever end up finding anything on their own, and he's settled for her explanation, which is a good one and usually starts with, "You just have to know this neighborhood on foot."

When people ask how she knows, she says she's walked this neighborhood inside out. When they push, she says the correlator lies on old asbestos-cement pipe. She says it calmly, and it sounds reasonable, because both things happen to be true. She marks the spot by hand, has them set up the equipment anyway, and the equipment proves her right within a foot.

She works alone, and her pulse stays steady. She lifts her head when someone comes up the street behind her, long before they turn the corner, and keeps her eyes fixed on the gap they're about to come through. The apprentices always enjoy telling that part afterward.

At the edge of the sector there's a patch of waste ground littered with rubble, with no pipe running through it. She stops there for a long minute every night, facing the waste ground, and then moves on. She's never explained it, and nobody asks twice anymore.

IX
CH · 09 / 09

Berriane Is Three Quarters of an Hour Away

Aksil is a maintenance electrician at a bottling plant and lives in Berriane, up to the north. They met on a course about network pressure, in Ouargla, and they see each other on her days off, a couple of times a month. Neither of them calls that little. Among her people, couples keep separate houses, and it would never occur to anyone to ask when they're moving in together.

In January he said he was going to request a transfer to Ghardaïa. To the center, to a rented apartment, twenty minutes on foot from her place. Tiziri said fine, they'd see, and started clearing the table. Aksil hasn't brought it up again since February, and neither has she.

Her younger brother, Yuba, who still lives with their mother and starts and drops his studies every year, gets money from her every month. Tafsut doesn't know. If she found out, she'd think it was fine; Tiziri simply prefers that nobody know. When she stops by to drop something off at the house, she stays standing, and her mother has stopped offering her a chair.

At eleven she puts the geophone in her bag. The old tape catches her palm as she zips it shut. She starts the engine and drives to the corner by the reservoir, which is where the route begins.

§ 07 · Species file Felis margarita

About the sand cat.

Classification
  1. Animalia
  2. Chordata
  3. MammaliaMammals
  4. Carnivora
  5. Felidae
Felis margarita
Sand cat (Felis margarita) in the wild
The real animal · Felis margarita Foto: Matthieu Rochette (@matthieur68) / Unsplash (Unsplash License)
Habitat
True sandy and stony deserts: dunes, plains and regs, from the western Sahara (Mauritania, Morocco, Algeria) to the Arabian Peninsula, Central Asia (Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan), Iran and Pakistan. It avoids steep rocky terrain and prefers loose substrates where it can dig or shelter in burrows. It withstands extreme temperature ranges, from -25°C in winter to ground temperatures of 50-58°C in summer.
Diet
Desert rodents — mainly jerboas and gerbils — reptiles including venomous snakes, small birds, and arthropods. It hunts at night and locates prey almost entirely by hearing, even when it's moving under the surface of the sand. It gets all the water it needs from the blood and tissue of its prey.
Lifespan
In the wild there's no reliably published figure. In captivity, records from AnAge compiled by Animal Diversity Web give an average of around 13 years.
Weight
From 1.4 to 3.4 kg depending on the source, with a head-and-body length of 39-52 cm plus a tail of 22-31 cm. Males (2.1-3.4 kg) outweigh females (1.4-3.1 kg): a moderate sexual dimorphism.
Adaptation
The tympanic bullae are, proportionally, the largest of any felid, housed beneath large ears set very low on the skull. That setup picks up very low-frequency sounds and lets it locate a rodent moving several centimeters under the sand without ever seeing it.
Record
With VHF radio collars in the Adrar Souttouf, in the Moroccan Sahara, home ranges of at least 311 km² in males and 259 km² in females were measured, and one male was recorded covering more than 20 km in a straight line in a single night. Those are enormous territories for a felid weighing two or three kilos.

Conservation status

Global (IUCN)
Least Concern
Where it lives
Across large parts of its historic range, especially in areas of the Arabian Peninsula and Central Asia, its true status is unknown for lack of systematic surveys, according to the Cat Specialist Group.
Population
Unknown. The Red List assessment itself notes that neither its true distribution nor its population size is well established: available records are mostly one-off sightings, and there's no reliable global figure.

Main threats

  1. Capture for the illegal exotic pet trade, the reason it's listed on CITES Appendix II.
  2. Persecution and predator-control killing by herders and hunters across several parts of its range.
  3. Roadkill on desert tracks and roads, a risk that grows wherever nighttime traffic increases.
  4. Habitat degradation from the expansion of energy infrastructure, mining, and overgrazing in areas that were once untouched.
The species isn't classified as threatened at a global scale, so there's no recovery plan under way. The progress of recent years has been in knowledge: between 2013 and 2020, radio-collar work in the Moroccan Sahara produced the first solid data on the species' home range and movement in the wild, and since 2005 documented sightings in the Sahara have been on the rise after three decades of almost no records.

Did you know…?

01
It Hears What Happens Under the Sand

Its tympanic bullae are proportionally the largest of any felid, housed beneath large ears set very low on the skull. That design picks up very low-frequency sound, like the rustle of a rodent moving several centimeters below the surface.

02
Paws With Snowshoes of Fur

Under the paw pads and between the toes, it grows dense, dark fur that covers the soles completely. That built-in snowshoe insulates it from the scorching heat of the sand by day and the cold at night, improves traction on loose dunes, and, along the way, blurs the tracks it leaves behind.

03
It Never Drinks

It gets all the water it needs from the blood and tissue of its prey, with no need for waterholes or oases. That's what lets it live where it lives: terrain that ranges from -25°C in winter to the 50-58°C the ground reaches in summer.

04
Territories of More Than Three Hundred Square Kilometers

Radio collars in the Moroccan Sahara measured home ranges of more than 311 km² in males and 259 km² in females. One night, one of the tracked males covered more than twenty kilometers in a straight line. All of that comes from an animal weighing between a kilo and a half and three and a half kilos.

05
It Takes On Vipers

Besides rodents, birds, and arthropods, it attacks venomous desert snakes and finishes them off with lightning-fast reflexes before it can be bitten. It's one of the few wild cat species documented hunting vipers on a regular basis.

06
Its Name Doesn't Come From the Flower

French naturalist Victor Loche described the species in 1858 from a specimen out of the northern Algerian Sahara and named it Felis margarita after General Jean-Auguste Margueritte, who led the expedition. Nothing to do with the flower, or the cocktail.

Frequently asked questions

Where does the sand cat live?
In sandy and stony deserts, from the western Sahara — Mauritania, Morocco, Algeria — to the Arabian Peninsula, Central Asia, Iran, and Pakistan. It prefers loose substrate, where it can dig burrows, and avoids steep rocky terrain.
Is it true it doesn't drink water?
Yes. It gets all the water it needs from the blood and tissue of its prey, with no need for waterholes or oases. It's one of the keys to how it can live where it lives.
How does it hunt if it can't see its prey?
It hears them. Its tympanic bullae are proportionally the largest of any felid, sitting beneath large ears set very low on the skull, a setup that picks up very low-frequency sound. It can locate a rodent moving several centimeters under the sand.
Is it endangered?
No. The IUCN Red List has classified it as Least Concern since its 2016 assessment. That doesn't mean anyone knows how many there are: the assessment itself states that neither its true distribution nor its population size is well established.
How many subspecies are there?
Four were historically described. The 2017 taxonomic review by Kitchener and colleagues, adopted by the Cat Specialist Group, now recognizes only two: Felis margarita margarita, from the Sahara and North Africa, and Felis margarita thinobia, which groups the populations of Arabia, Iran, Central Asia, and Pakistan. The group notes that further phylogeographic study is needed to confirm this.
Why is it called Felis margarita?
Not for the flower. Victor Loche described the species in 1858 from a specimen out of the northern Algerian Sahara and named it after General Jean-Auguste Margueritte, who led the expedition in which it turned up.
How many kittens does it have, and who raises them?
Litters run from one to eight kittens, with four or five being the most common, after a gestation of 59 to 63 days. Being a solitary species, the mothers raise them alone. These figures come from Animal Diversity Web and the AnAge records, which do not attribute them to a specific primary source.
§ 08 · Conservation three programs · verified
Sand cat

Help protect this species.

Every purchase helps, but a direct donation does more. Three NGOs with specific programs verified for this species.

No. 01 / 03

ISEC Canada.

International Society for Endangered Cats Canada

Funded and led the Sand Cat Sahara Team (2013-2020), the only field project dedicated exclusively to the sand cat: radio collars, local guides, and a veterinarian from Rabat's National Zoological Garden working in the Moroccan Sahara.

Donate to ISEC Canada
No. 02 / 03

Cat Specialist Group.

IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group

The world's leading scientific network on wild felids. It maintains the sand cat's species profile, coordinates the taxonomic review of its subspecies, and underpins its Red List assessment.

Donate to Cat Specialist Group
No. 03 / 03

Panthera.

Panthera · Small Cats Program

Since 2018 it has funded and published research specifically on the sand cat, including home-range studies, as part of its program dedicated to the planet's small cats.

Donate to Panthera
Animal Kinhood · 32 characters

Thirty-two names. Thirty-two stories. Thirty-two personalities. One same project.

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